Esthetics And Biomechanics In Orthodontics

Esthetics And Biomechanics In Orthodontics

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TADs have revolutionized the way we practice traditional and aligner orthodontics over the last 25 years. They provide us absolute anchorage and source of force application to conduct complex tooth movements.

Application of TADs requires a clear understanding of biomechanics as it has additional considerations. This presentation will describe the use of extra alveolar, palatal and alveolar TADs for direct and indirect anchorage.

Dynamic movement paths and more precise biomechanics can be realized with pseudo elastic materials, new bracket design features, and new slot geometry. In addition to design features such as shape of the bracket, materials with a low modulus of elasticity and so-called superelastic material behavior are particularly suitable.18 The superelasticity in NiTi alloys enables flexible bracket structures to be fashioned that can only transmit smaller absolute moments because of their low elastic modulus but, because of nonplastic effects, these remain constant over a long period of time.

When torque is described in orthodontics, people mistakenly think of the angulation of the bracket in relation to the tooth surface, as described by Andrews.5 In material sciences, torque is the moment and not the angulation. This gives rise to the false impression that the appropriate moment is applied to the tooth by the prescription in the bracket. Therefore, the straight-wire technique is a passive and not an active system. This means that, because there are a large number of variables, a change in the rectangular slot prescription will not necessarily lead to the transmission of definable moments, thus making prediction of axial tooth movement unreliable.10

Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics, 2nd Edition provides everything you need to know to successfully apply biomechanics in clinical orthodontics. This edition features new content in the areas of tooth movement, treating Class III malocclusions, skeletal anchorage, Surgery First treatment plans, and space closure. In addition to comprehensive guidance on basic biomechanic principles, this state-of-the-art reference also shows how all techniques can apply biomechanical principles to improve the force delivery, understand and prevent side effects, and achieve predictable results.

As its title suggests, the book covers the principles of biomechanics and attempts to relate these to facial and dental aesthetics, to include the psychology of facial appearance, and towards the end of the book, a chapter on finishing techniques.

Standards of NormalityIt is useful for esthetic oral rehabilitations to describe some average desirable characteristic features of smiles. These normative standards may serve as a guideline for enhancement of esthetics for the anterior component of the dentition.

Dr. Vishnu Raj attended Bangalore University for dental school, and the University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, (UTHSCSA) for Graduate Orthodontic residency. He holds an M.S. and Certificate in Operative Dentistry from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and an M.S. in Forensic Science, from the University of Central Oklahoma. In addition to private practice, Dr. Raj also serves as a clinical associate professor at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, and maintains an intra-mural practice at the Dept. of Orthodontics. Along with clinical instruction, some of the didactic courses he covers include Literature Review, Biomechanics, ABO Prep and Clinical Orthodontic Seminars. He is a member of the Texas Orthodontic Study Club, serves as an ad hoc reviewer for several journals, and has multiple publications in the areas of orthodontics, dental esthetics & restorative dentistry, forensic toxicology and pharmacogenomics.

Adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment at all times present with an esthetic demand even during treatment. The lingual orthodontics, apart from its esthetic values, also presents several other advantages. Currently, it has become a complete system in itself, starting from an accurate diagnosis, treatment protocol, and laboratory procedure to placement of the appliance in the patient's mouth. With the advent of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system, the lingual orthodontics is more evolved and made ease operators in respect to more efficient mechanics and reduced archwire adjustments. The present article presents two cases to show the efficiency of lingual orthodontics with temporary anchorage devices and anterior retraction hook.

One of the major challenges in orthodontics is to achieve an excellent result with appliances that are both esthetic and comfortable. There is currently enormous interest in so-called \"invisible orthodontics.\" The increasing demand for an esthetic appearance among adult orthodontic patients, even during orthodontic treatment period, has led to the advent of invisible orthodontic treatment. Tooth-colored brackets and archwires, clear aligner therapy, and lingual orthodontic treatment are the invisible way of treating the malocclusion so far available.

Traditionally, lingual orthodontics was always believed to be technique sensitive and with difficulties in the area such as composite base customized brackets leading to frequent debonding, mushroom-shaped bended wires leading to binding while sliding therefore causing discomfort to the orthodontists. [2]

In lingual orthodontics, as the brackets are positioned on the lingual surface, the resultant force passes through or behind the center of resistance (C.Res), resulting in the moment leading to intrusion or lingual tipping of anteriors and distal tipping of molars [Figure 1].{Figure 1} 59ce067264

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